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Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge |
| Revenge | (1) Commander Joseph White |
| Armed Sloop | 14 May 1776-September 1776 |
| Massachusetts Privateer Sloop | (2) Commander Benjamin Warren
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| Commissioned/First Date: | 14 May 1776 |
| Out of Service/Cause: | [1 February] 1778/captured by HM Frigate Winchelsea |
| Owners: | (1) Joseph Lee of Beverly, Massachusetts; Miles Greenwood of Salem, Massachusetts; Josiah Batchelder, Jr. and others; (2) Elias Hasket Derby, Miles Greenwood, and Joseph White, all of Salem, Massachusetts; (3) Andrew Cabot of Beverly, Massachusetts |
| Tonnage: | 90, 95, 100 |
| Battery: | Date Reported: 14 May 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 12/ Total: 12 cannon/ Broadside: 6 cannon/ Swivels: sixteen Date Reported: 4 September 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 12/4 and 6-pounder Total: 12 cannon/ Broadside: 6 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 14 October 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 10/ Total: 10 cannon/ Broadside: 5 cannon/ Swivels: fourteen Date Reported: 25 October 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 8/ Total: 8 cannon/ Broadside: 4 cannon/ Swivels: |
| Crew: | (1) 14 May 1776: 86 [total]
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| Description: |
| Officers: |
| Cruises: | (1) Salem, Massachusetts to Casco Bay, Massachusetts [Maine], [20] May 1776-4 August 1776
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| Prizes: | (1) Brig Henry (Blyth), 28 May 1776, with Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Montgomery
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| Actions: |
Comments:
Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge was fitted out in Salem,1 being owned by persons from that area.2 The principal owners, Miles Greenwood of Salem and Joseph Lee of Beverly, applied for a commission on 14 May 1776, listing the sloop as 95 tons, with a battery of twelve cannon and sixteen swivels and a crew of eighty-five. Joseph White of Salem was appointed as Revenge’s commander. The commission was granted the same day,3 and the bond executed at once.4 The $5000 Continental bond was signed by Lee, Greenwood and White.5
Revenge soon sailed for the West Indies. White encountered the Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Montgomery (Commander Daniel Bucklin) and the two privateers then cruised together. These two had the good fortune to encounter a West Indian convoy some 450 miles after it had sailed (which means, that the escort had previously turned back),6 to the south and east of Bermuda.7 The first prize captured,8 on 28 May 1776,9 was the 75-ton10 brig11 or brigantine12 Fanny (Richard Blythe),13 from Antigua14 or Barbados to Halifax,15 with a cargo of rum16 and sugar.17 She safely arrived at Plymouth on 8 June18 and was libeled on 20 June 1776.19 She was tried on 5 July 1776.20
On 13 June 177621 Montgomery and Revenge captured the 70-ton brigantine Rover (John Hunter), with her crew of seven men,22 which was formerly a Providence owned vessel (the Betsey).23 Betsey had been captured by HM Frigate Argo and condemned at Antigua. She was now bound from Antigua24 to Dublin, Ireland25 with a cargo of rum26 and staves.27 Rover got into Dartmouth, Massachusetts,28 at some time before 2 July 1776,29 and then proceeded to Providence.30 The prize master reported that Revenge was chasing two other sail when he departed.31 At Providence, Rover was libeled on 3 July 177632 tried on 22 July 1776, and eventually sold for over *4960.33
The brig Isabella (Kirk), from Antigua to Dublin with rum, was also captured on 13 June.34 This vessel was probably the sloop Isabella (Nathaniel Kirk), sent into Beverly on 4 July 1776. She was 70 tons, and was libeled on 15 August 1776, with trial set for 5 September 1776.35
On 1 July 1776 the brig Devonshire (Fisher) was taken. She was bound from Antigua to Dublin with rum.36 Devonshire was trying to get into port on 3 August 1776. She was about eighty-five miles south east of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, when she was sighted by HM Frigate Liverpool (Captain Henry Bellew) and quickly captured. A prize crew of a petty officer and four men replaced the “Rebels.” She arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 10 August 1776, with the Liverpool.37
The 13038 or 180-ton39 brig,40 brigantine41 or snow42 Harlequin (John Goodwin),43 Nevis44 or Antigua45 to Dublin46 or London with rum and sugar,47 was captured on 2 July 1776.48 Montgomery escorted Harlequin into Providence on 28 July 1776, running up the Sakonnet Passage.49 She was libeled on 3 August 1776, with trial set for 19 August.50 She was advertised for sale on 28 August 1776.51
The 170 ton52 ship Polly (Tobias Lear), from Antigua with rum and sugar, was next.53 She was captured on 2 July at 34o55'N, 53o36'W.54 Lear was a native of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Before 29 August the Polly was brought around to Boston and libeled.55 Now Lear owned his ship and had taken out a registry showing her as owned by the English firm of Lane & Co., as a protection from British seizure. This Lear was not some obscure operator: his son later became Washington’s secretary and he was an acquaintance of Continental Agent John Langdon. On 5 August 1776 Langdon asked the New Hampshire delegates to Congress to investigate Lear's situation. Langdon knew the cargo would be condemned but he hoped to save Lear’s ship.56 Polly was libeled on 29 August 1776, on behalf of the Revenge.57 Trial was held on 16 September 1776.58 The ship was condemned in a stormy trial, Lear not even being allowed his private adventure.59
On 5 July 177660 the Revenge captured the ship Anna Maria,61 (William Pringle)62 from Barbados to London,63 with sugar, wine,64 rum,65 cotton66 and twenty-seven cannon in her hold. She was sent into Sheepscut, Maine67 (Falmouth)68 and then into Salem on 18 July.69 By 29 August the Anna Maria was brought to Boston from Townsend and libeled, on behalf on the Revenge only.70 Pringle petitioned for his release on 26 August 1776.71 Some of the British sailors from the Anna Maria later enlisted in American privateers.72
The ship Eagle, 280 tons (Henry Barnes), was captured on 12 July 1776 at 32°15'N, 52°W.73 Eagle was bound from Barbados, in the British West Indies, to Lancaster, England,74 with a cargo of sugar, rum, ginger, wool, wine, and oil.75 She was sent into Dartmouth.76 The Eagle put into Dartmouth before 10 August 1776, and another prize taken in conjunction with the Revenge had arrived at Falmouth, Massachusetts [Maine] by then.77 Eagle moved up to Providence, where she was libeled, by Montgomery alone, on 12 August 1776, being listed as 200 tons. Her trial was set for 26 August.78 Eagle’s mate, Richard Gosling, was cleared for exchange on 12 November 1776.79 Eagle was sold on 5 September 1776.80
A ninth prize was released as a cartel with the prisoners aboard.81 This was the Frances (Williamson), a slaver in ballast. She arrived at Dover before 27 July 1776.82 Following this capture it seems the two privateers parted company.
White arrived at Casco Bay before 4 August 1776, bringing in two prizes with him.83
On 28 July Bucklin returned to Providence, going up the east passage and escorting the Harlequin into port. The papers reported that Montgomery, and another privateer, had captured five other prizes (three ships, one snow, one brig) and that the other privateer was bringing two of them into a New England port.84 The other privateer was, of course, the Revenge.85
While Bucklin had libeled the Harlequin in the name of both privateers, this was not the case with White. Greed seems to have gotten the better of the Massachusetts skipper, who libeled all prizes in his own name. This was particularly the case with the Anna Maria. When Bucklin learned of the case he filed a claim with the Massachusetts Maritime court, claiming that the Montgomery and Revenge were operating together at the time of her capture. The Massachusetts court found in favor of the Revenge alone. Bucklin then appealed the case to the superior Massachusetts court, which upheld the verdict. When Bucklin asked for permission to appeal to the Congressional Committee of Appeals he was denied permission. Bucklin petitioned Congress and, on 24 June 1777, his petition was read and referred to the Committee on Appeals.86
On 4 August 1777 the Committee on Appeals reported to Congress, whereupon Congress “Resolved, That Joseph White, commander of the privateer Revenge, appear before the committee of appeals within 40 days after a copy of the petition of Daniel Bucklin, and of this resolve, is served on the said Joseph White, the agent or one of the owners of the said privateer, to shew cause why the prayer of the said petition should not be granted.”87
More than a year later, on 17 October 1778, the Committee on Appeals, rendered this report to Congress:
“That the ship, Anna Maria was captured by the privateer, Revenge, Joseph White, Commander, and libeled in the Admiralty Court, in the State of Massachusetts Bay; That Daniel Bucklin, Commander of the private schooner of War, called the Montgomery put in a Claim to the said ship Anna Maria on behalf of himself and all others concerned in the armed schooner, Montgomery, setting forth that at the Time of the Capture, the aforesaid privateers, Montgomery and Revenge, were in consort and jointly concerned in making the same; yet it was so determined in the said Court that final Sentence of Condemnation passed therein against the said prize ship, for the sole use of the Owners and others concerned in the said privateer, Revenge: From which Sentence the said Daniel Bucklin, appealed according to the Laws and usage of the State of Massachusetts Bay, to the Superior Court of Judicature, within the same State, by whose determination, the Sentence of the Court below was confirmed; From which Decree of Affirmance, the said Daniel Bucklin prayed an Appeal in open Court to Congress which was refused by the Justices of the said Court.
The Court of Appeals beg leave further to report that by the laws of the State of Massachusetts Bays from all Judgments or Sentences given in the Court of Admiralty on the Capture of any vessel by an armed vessel of the United States, an appeal is allowed to the Continental Congress. But where the Capture is made by any other armed Vessel than those in the Service of the United States, an appeal is allowed only to the Superior Court within the State. In this case the privateer Revenge which took the prize ship Anna Maria was fitted out by certain Individuals in the State of Massachusetts Bay, and therefore the Judges holding themselves bound by the Laws of the said State, refused an Appeal.
This Law your Court of Appeals, conceive has a very dangerous tendency to interrupt the peace, Safety and Union of the United States and is in direct violation of the resolve of Congress which grants an appeal in all Cases. It is necessary that a speedy Decision should be given upon the validity of this Law, so far as it contravenes the resolve of Congress, and that it may go with the more weight to the States the Court have referred the Matter to Congress.88
And there the matter rested. Bucklin, his owners, and his crew, it seems, never got their share of the Anna Maria.
On 4 September the owners petitioned for a new commission, listing Elias Hasket Derby, Miles Greenwood and Joseph White, all of Salem, as owners. The sloop was listed as 90 tons, twelve guns, 4-pounders to 6-pounders, and noted Benjamin Warren as commander, with a crew of eighty89 or eighty-five90 men. The commission was granted the same day.91 Her $5000 Continental bond was signed by Warren, Greenwood and Joseph White of Salem.92
Revenge was re-commissioned on 25 October 1776 under Commander Benjamin Dean of Salem. She was now listed as being armed with eight guns and as having a crew of sixty men. Her $5000 Continental bond was signed by Dean, Greenwood, and Ingersoll.93
Revenge was in port on 7 November 1776.94 She was at sea early in 1777. The 20095 or 300-ton96 ship Royal Charlotte (Ignatius Fenwick)97 was captured before 20 February 1777, bound from England with provisions and manufactured goods. The prize was sent into Marblehead.98 She was libeled on 10 April 1777 and tried 29 April 1777.99 She was advertised for sale, to be held on 15 May, at the Long Wharf in Salem.100 Royal Charlotte sold for £1417.11.101
Apparently, on the same cruise in which the Royal Charlotte was captured, the brigantine Betsey (William Smith) was also captured. She was libeled on 5 June 1777, with trial to be held on 24 June 1777.102
At the same time the owners advertised the sale of the Revenge, noting she was 100 tons, had been on two privateering cruises, and was “excessively fast.”103 Revenge was sold on 15 May 1777, to Andrew Cabot, for £1510.104
With a new owner, but the same commander, Revenge captured the 100-ton brigantine Charlotte (Job Bradford). Charlotte was libeled on 18 September 1777, with trial set for 7 October 1777.105
Revenge now undertook a voyage to Môle Saint-Nicolas, Saint Domingue. On her return voyage, with a cargo of gunpowder, shot and dry goods, about late January or early February 1778, she was captured by HM Frigate Winchelsea (Captain Nathaniel Bateman). Revenge was sent into Jamaica in the British West Indies.106
1 NDAR, “Petition for Commission for Joshua Stone to Command the Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Retrieve,” VI, 345-346; Allen, Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution, 259
1 NDAR, "American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776," V, 870 and note
2 NDAR, "Continental Bond for the Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge," V, 89 and note
3 NDAR, "Joseph Lee and Miles Greenwood to the Massachusetts Council," V, 89
4 NDAR, "Continental Bond for the Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge," V, 89 and note
5 Allen, Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution, 260
6 NDAR, “Public Advertiser, Monday, July 29, 1776,” VI, 512 and note
7 NDAR, "John Langdon to Josiah Bartlett," VI, 56 and note
8 NDAR, "The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776," VI, 27
9 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
10 NDAR, “Boston Gazette, Monday, June 24, 1776,” V, 705 and 706 note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
11 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
12 NDAR, “Boston Gazette, Monday, June 24, 1776,” V, 705 and 706 note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637
13 NDAR, “Boston Gazette, Monday, June 24, 1776,” V, 705 and 706 note; “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637; “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note: called the Henry in this account; “Parole of Duncan Munro, Passenger On Board the British Prize Brigantine Fanny,” VII, 488 and note; See also Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210. NDAR, “Return of British Naval Prisoners in Salem,” VII, 560-561, gives the name of the master of the Fanny as Henry Seaton.
14 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
15 NDAR, “Cotton Tufts to John Adams,” V, 580-582 and 582 note; “David Cobb to Robert Treat Paine,” V, 576-577; “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note; “Parole of Duncan Munro, Passenger On Board the British Prize Brigantine Fanny,” VII, 488 and note; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
16 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “Cotton Tufts to John Adams,” V, 580-582 and 582 note; “David Cobb to Robert Treat Paine,” V, 576-577; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
17 Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
18 NDAR, “Cotton Tufts to Jogn Adams,” V, 580-582 and 582 note
19 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637
20 Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
21 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
22 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
23 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Liverpool, Captain Henry Bellew,” VI, 27 and note
24 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, June 29, 1776,” V, 813 and note
25 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
26 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, June 29, 1776,” V, 813 and note
27 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
28 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, June 29, 1776,” V, 813 and note; “Interrogation of James Watson, A Seaman on Board the Prize Brigantine Rover,” V, 813-814 and 814 note
29 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note. She is said here to have arrived at Beverly, Massachusetts.
30 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
31 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note
32 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
33 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condened in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
34 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
35 NDAR, “Advertisement of Libels against Six British Prizes,” VI, 192 and note
36 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
37 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Liverpool, Captain Henry Bellew,” VI, 27 and note
38 NDAR, “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
39 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note
40 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
41 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
42 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note
43 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note
44 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note; “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
45 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
46 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
47 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note; “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
48 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
49 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note; “Newport Mercury, Monday, July 29, 1776,” V, 1270-1271 and 1271 note
50 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30
51 NDAR, “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
52 NDAR, “Libels Filed in Massachusetts Admiralty Court Against Various British Prizes,” VI, 347-348
53 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
54 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
55 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
56 NDAR, “John Langdon to Josiah Bartlett,” VI, 56 and note
57 NDAR, “Libels Filed in Massachusetts Admiralty Court Against Various British Prizes,” VI, 347-348
58 NDAR, “William Whipple to Josiah Bartlett,” VI, 831 and note
59 NDAR, “John Langdon to Josiah Bartlett,” VI, 1031 and note
60 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
61 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27; “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
62 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27; “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
63 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
64 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
65 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note
66 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
67 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note
68 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
69 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
70 NDAR, “Libels Filed in Massachusetts Admiralty Court Against Various British Prizes,” VI, 347-348; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
71 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
72 NDAR, “Public Advertiser, Saturday, October 26, 1776,” VII, 712-713
73 NDAR, “Extract of A Letter from Capt. Henry Barnes, of the Eagle, belonging to Whitehaven, to his Owners, dated Rhode Island, Aug. 14, 1776,” VI, 182
74 NDAR, “Permission for Exchange of British Naval Prisoners of War,” VII, 113-114
75 The Newport Mercury, Friday, August 12, 1776
76 NDAR, “Extract of A Letter from Capt. Henry Barnes, of the Eagle, belonging to Whitehaven, to his Owners, dated Rhode Island, Aug. 14, 1776,” VI, 182
77 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 10, 1776,” VI, 136-138 and 138 note
78 The Newport Mercury, Friday, August 12, 1776
79 NDAR, “Permission for Exchange of British Naval Prisoners of War,” VII, 113-114
80 The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, August 31, 1776
81 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
82 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
83 NDAR, “David Cobb to Robert Treat Paine,” VI, 57-58 and 58 note
84 NDAR, “Newport Mercury, Monday, July 29, 1776,” V, 1270-1271 and 1271 note; “A Journal of A Voig kept by Jabez Whipple Captn of the Armed Sloop the Independent Boun on a Cruse with Gods primishon this 24 Day of July 1776--,” V, 1301-1303 and 1303 note
85 NDAR, “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
86 JCC, 8:493
87 JCC, 8:602-603
88 JCC, 12:1022-1023
89 NDAR, “Petition for Commission for Benjamin Warren as Commander of the Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge,” VI, 674 and note
90 Allen, Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution, 260
91 NDAR, “Petition for Commission for Benjamin Warren as Commander of the Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge,” VI, 674 and note
92 Allen, Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution, 260
93 Allen, Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution, 260
94 NDAR, “Certificate of Harmon Brockhorn Regarding Sale of Half Share in Future Prizes,” VII, 69-70
95 NDAR, “Libels Filed Against Thirteen Prizes in Massachusetts Admiralty Court for the Middle District,” VIII, 309-310
96 NDAR, “Independent Chronicle, Thursday, May 8, 1777,” VIII, 932
97 NDAR, “Libels Filed Against Thirteen Prizes in Massachusetts Admiralty Court for the Middle District,” VIII, 309-310
98 NDAR, “Independent Chronicle, Thursday, February 20, 1777,” VII, 1242-1243 and 1243 note
99 NDAR, “Libels Filed Against Thirteen Prizes in Massachusetts Admiralty Court for the Middle District,” VIII, 309-310
100 NDAR, “Independent Chronicle, Thursday, May 8, 1777,” VIII, 932
101 NDAR, “Sale of the Prize Ship Royal Charlotte,” VIII, 969
102 NDAR, “Libels Filed Against Five British Prizes in the Massachusetts Admiralty Court for the Middle District,” IX, 21-22
103 NDAR, “Independent Chronicle, Thursday, May 8, 1777,” VIII, 932
104 NDAR, “Sale of the Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge,” VIII, 969-970
105 NDAR, “Libels Filed in the Massachusetts Maritime Court of the Middle District,” X, 15-16
106 NDAR, “A List of Rebel Vessels, Taken by the Squadron of His Majesty’s Ships & Vessels, under my command at Jamaica, between the 21st day of December, 1775 and the 26th day of February, 1778.—,” XI, 448-453
| Posted 20 February 2011 |
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