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New Hampshire Privateer Ship Portsmouth |
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| Portsmouth | (1) Commander Robert Parker |
| Frigate | 6 December 1776- |
| New Hampshire Privateer Ship | (2) Commander John Hart
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| Commissioned/First Date: | 6 December 1776 |
| Out of Service/Cause: | 10 May 1778/captured by HMS Experiment |
| Owners: | John Langdon, (Moore & Co.) et al of Portsmouth, New Hampshire |
| Tonnage: |
| Battery: | Date Reported: 6 December 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 20/4-pounder and 6-pounder Total: 20 cannon/ Broadside: 10 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 1 October 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 26/ Total: 26 cannon/ Broadside: 13 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 10 October 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 22/ Total: 22 cannon/ Broadside: 11 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 10 October 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 24/ Total: 24 cannon/ Broadside: 12 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 14 November 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 22/ Total: 22 cannon/ Broadside: 11 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 4 December 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 26/9-pounder 234 pounds 114 pounds Total: 26 cannon/234 pounds Broadside: 13 cannon/117 pounds Swivels: Date Reported: 20 December 1777 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 24/ Total: 24 cannon/ Broadside: 12 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 30 May 1778 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 22/6-pounder and 4-pounder Total: 22 cannon/ Broadside: 11 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 1 June 1780 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 22/ Total: 22 cannon/ Broadside: 11 cannon/ Swivels: |
| Crew: | (1) 6 December 1776: 101 [total]
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| Description: |
| Officers: | (1) [Prize Master] John Still, [1 October 1777]; (2) [Prize Master] Pearce, [13 November 1777] |
| Cruises: | (1) Portsmouth, New Hampshire to Boston, Massachusetts, 26 February 1777-[20] April 1777
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| Prizes: | (1) Brig Hannah (Robert Niving), 25 March 1777
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| Actions: | (1) Action with two unknown British vessels, [27] March 1777
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Comments:
New Hampshire Privateer Ship Portsmouth was under construction at Portsmouth, New Hampshire on 18 November 1776.1 She was being built for Moore & Co. of Philadelphia, one of whose members was John Langdon.2 Robert Parker was selected to command the ship on the 18th. Portsmouth was to be launched within a week. The crew was completed and would be ready when the vessel was launched.3 It took longer than a week, and Portsmouth was still on the stocks when Parker was commissioned on 6 December 1776. She was listed as being armed with twenty guns and as having a crew of 100 men. Her $10000 bond was signed by Parker and by John Langdon and Joshua Brackett, both of Portsmouth.4
Portsmouth was launched on 21 December 1776. Guns were sought to arm her, 4-pounders, 6-pounders, and 9-pounders, in any combination.5 On 27 December Parker assisted in the capture of a small British tender (George) taken off Portsmouth.6 On 11 January 1777, the New Hampshire authorities approved the sailing of the Portsmouth on a cruise, despite an embargo on privateer sailings.7 Portsmouth had not yet sailed by 6 February 1777 and her permission to sail was protested by Captain Thomas Thompson of the Continental Navy (the purpose of the embargo being to prevent privateers from sailing until the Continental Navy and Army had completed recruiting). Thompson really wanted the 130 men in Portsmouth’s crew.8 By 18 February Portsmouth was ready to sail at the first good wind.9
Portsmouth got to sea for the West Indies soon after,10 sailing from Portsmouth on 26 February.11
On 25 March 177712 Portsmouth encountered the 100-ton13 brig Hannah14 (Robert Niving),15 bound from New York, New York to Antigua, in the British West Indies. Although Hannah mounted ten guns, there was no fight during her capture. She was sent off to Portsmouth, and arrived in Casco Bay, Massachusetts [Maine] before 26 April 1777.16 Hannah got to Portsmouth, where she was libeled on 3 May 1777, with her trial set for 23 May.17 Her sale was advertised on 31 May, to be held on 3 June 1777.18
Following this capture the Portsmouth met two ships, about 27 March. She fought a short action with the ships (one of sixteen guns, one of fourteen guns) for about an hour. Both ships mounted heavier guns than the Portsmouth. Being unable to board because his crew was short-handed from manning prizes, Parker broke off the action with one killed and one wounded. The men on the prize said “ . . . that Parker behaved manfully . . .” during the action.19
Two days later20 Portsmouth took a brig from Cork, Ireland bound to the “British Army,” with a cargo of beef, pork, and butter. She was sent off to Portsmouth21 and arrived on 20 April,22 or 21 April.23 This was probably the 130-ton24 brig Rebecca (George Witherington) bound from Cork to St. Christopher’s in the British West Indies, with a cargo of beef, pork, butter and fish. She arrived at Portsmouth on 20 April.25 Rebecca was libeled on 26 April, with her trial set for 16 May.26 The trial was postponed, and was held on 23 May.27 Her sale was advertised on 31 May, to be held on 3 June 1777.28
The final prize was an unknown brig with a cargo of butter, beef, and 5700 stand of small arms, which arrived in Portsmouth on 22 April.29 This was probably the 150-ton30 snow Truit (William Canning) bound from Cork to Tortola with a cargo of beef, pork, butter, beans, groats, oats, tongue and fish. She arrived in Portsmouth on 24 April.31 Truit was libeled on 26 April, with her trial set for 16 May.32 The trial was postponed, and was held on 23 May.33 Her sale was advertised on 31 May, to be held on 3 June 1777.34
Portsmouth returned from her cruise, putting into Boston, Massachusetts before 26 April 1777.35
While at Boston, Parker agreed to participate in a cruise with eight other privateers and two Continental frigates under the command of Captain John Manley of the Continental Navy Ship Hancock. The privateers were to be paid by Massachusetts and insured by her for twenty-five days from the sailing date, which was to be 1 May 1777.36 However, Portsmouth did not participate in the expedition. By 22 May Portsmouth was expected in Portsmouth. She was to sail again after a month in port.37
Portsmouth was re-commissioned on 7 June 1777 under Commander John Hart of Portsmouth. Her battery was again given as twenty guns and her crew as 100 men. Her new $10000 bond was signed by Hart, Langdon and George Wentworth of Portsmouth.38
Portsmouth presumably sailed in early August 1777 for France. The trip across the Atlantic was not lucrative, only one prize being taken.39
Brigantine 40 (or brig)41 Mercury (John Pearce), owned by John Green & Co. of Poole, England,42 sailed from Newfoundland43 on 22 August 1777,44 bound for Barcelona, Spain45 with a cargo of codfish.46 On 8 September 1777 she was captured by the Portsmouth. Pearce and his crew were removed from the Mercury and taken aboard the Portsmouth.47 John Still48 was sent aboard the Mercury as prize master and she was ordered into Bordeaux, consigned to Jean-Hans and Samuel Delap, merchants of that town.49
Mercury arrived at the entrance to the Gironde River on 1 October, coming in with the English flag flying inverted. When the French corvette Etourdie (Enseigne de Vaisseau Marquis de Montbas) hailed her to stop she kept sailing. After a shot from a swivel gun Mercury anchored.50 Still came aboard and acknowledged she was a prize, laden with codfish, and captured by the 26-gun privateer frigate Portsmouth. De Montbas ordered her back to sea, but she was still at anchor at 1700.51 The winds being unfavorable Still set out for Bordeaux. He returned on 6 October and asked permission to remain until the winds were favorable for Spain.52 Mercury sailed at 0500 on 8 October.53 On 10 October it was reported she had been sent to Bilboa by the agent, Delap, to whom she was consigned. The writer noted there would have been no difficulty had she entered the road under American or French colors. He also reported the Portsmouth as being armed with twenty-four guns. By 25 October the prize had arrived in Bilboa.54
Mercury came into Bilboa with her name erased55 from her stern (only the capital “M” could be seen). Her cargo was discharged there. Ashore were several British sailors from the prize William & Polly. They recognized Mercury as being from their own town of Poole, England, and owned by John and Young Green. Her former master was John Pearce.56
Portsmouth entered the mouth of the Gironde River about dawn of 10 October. News of her arrival reached the French corvette Etourdie about 0800.. The French cleared for action and came down the river to investigate. About 1100, lacking a pilot, Portsmouth anchored below Royan. De Montbas arrived about 1200 and sent an officer aboard the privateer, recognizing the stranger as an “insurgent” vessel. Etourdie’s boat returned with Hart at about 1300, and he returned aboard at 1700. De Montbas reported Portsmouth was armed with eighteen guns in broadside and four guns on the forecastle and quarterdeck, with a crew of 130 men. At 1800 the two set sail and anchored at midnight in Verdon [le Verdon-sur-Mer]Road.57
Although de Montbas ordered Portsmouth back out to sea, Delap intervened and secured three days for the privateer to refit.58 She came up to Bordeaux, about 11 October,59 and the carpenters set to work. The work was not finished in three days and Portsmouth was ordered out of port in twenty-four hours, but Delap secured another three day extension.60
On arrival at Bordeaux, Hart informed Pearce that the Mercury had been forwarded, a few days before, to Bilboa, Spain. About 18 October Pearce was informed she had arrived there, where the cargo was sold, which was confirmed by the privateer’s crew receiving prize money. During his stay at Bordeaux Pearce saw the Portsmouth cleaned and refitted.61The French were anxious to get Portsmouth back out to sea. On 26 October de Sartine reiterated his orders to de Montbas to send Portsmouth away as soon as she was refitted.62
By 6 November 1777 Portsmouth was anchored in the Gironde River, waiting to sail. In company with her was the Maryland Privateer Schooner Swallow (Commander John Martin)63 (or Marten). Because of the weakness of Swallow’s crew, Hart had promised to convoy her well offshore.64 An English vessel, the St. Ann (Charles Linsee), requested the Etourdie, anchored nearby, to prevent the two American privateers from following her out. De Montbas warned the Americans and the British proceeded.65 About 8 November the Etourdie “searched” the privateers at Pauillac, looking for French sailors.66 The two Americans came to sail that day, in the morning, saluted the Etourdie with five shouts of “Long Live the King,” which was returned with three from the French, and moved down the river to pick up pilots.67 On the morning of 1068 or 11 November69 they sailed.
Martin took the opportunity to write to his owner by the pilot. He said he was going out with the Portsmouth, which had offered to convoy him 700 “leagues” [miles?] to the westward.70 Hart, reporting to his owner later, confirmed the sailing date as 11 November.71
About thirty miles out to sea the two privateers fell in with a strange brig and gave chase to her. The chase steered for the land and got into the shoal waters. Hart put part of his crew aboard the Swallow and they followed the chase into the shoals.72 The Americans soon captured the brig Emperor of Germany (Robert Hawkins), bound from Cork to Bordeaux with a cargo of beef and butter.73 Emperor of Germany had sailed from Cork on 27 October 1777.74 As she was leaky and French ports were closed to American prizes, Hart sent her to Santander, Spain. He instructed the money from her sale to be sent to the Delaps. Swallow claimed a quarter share of the prize and furnished an equal number of men for the prize crew.75
When the master, Hawkins, arrived at Bordeaux on 14 November he told a very different story, and caused a sensation.76 According to Hawkins, he was coming in from Cork with a cargo of beef and butter consigned to M. Galois, the merchant who had the contract for supplying the Stewards of the Marine.77 Emperor of Germany was in sight of the Cordouan Lighthouse on the 11th, and picked up a pilot from Royan at 1400.78 Hawkins had proceeded to off Cordouan Lighthouse, ready to enter the channel of the Gironde River (the Grave Channel). Two vessels were seen west of Cordouan,79 either four80 or nine to twelve miles out to sea.81 The pilot casually mentioned that they were American privateers which had sailed the same day. Hawkins immediately raised all sail to enter the river.82 Hart, suspicious and seeing that Emperor of Germany could not make the channel, lowered his yawl and manned the schooner Swallow. They entered the river by the North Channel and overtook the British in the Grave Channel,83 about three miles inside Cordouan Lighthouse. Swallow came up first and then the yawl. She had been ordered to row around the lighthouse in case the chase took the North Channel.84 The prize was carried back to the Portsmouth.85 Hawkins and his crew were removed to the Portsmouth.86 Hawkins remonstrated with Hart, pointing out the illegality of the capture in the territorial waters of a neutral country. Hart replied that his people had orders to chase him to Blaye (well up the river) if necessary.87 Meanwhile the crew was pressed to enroll in the privateer, which most refused.88 In the early morning of 12 November89 the British were sent back in the pilot boat,90 except for one man who was kept aboard. The crew had been “plundered. . .of most of their Cloaths.” They landed at Royan about 0800.91
William McCreery, a part owner of the Swallow, was then in Bordeaux. He was astounded at this news. Knowing the weakness of his privateer’s crew, he had specifically ordered his commander not to engage in prize-taking for fear of losing the schooner. Furthermore, the nature of the capture, in the neutral river, and the nature of the consignees of the cargo, persuaded people in the town to demand that he be personally held accountable. On 14 November he wrote to the American Commissioners in France, seeking their intercession and stating his side of the case. McCreery expected the intervention of the British Ambassador, which was certainly to be expected. Although McCreery claimed the prize was chased thirty miles out to sea he readily admitted it was a violation of neutrality. To illustrate the Swallow’s involvement was only minor, McCreery mentioned that the Portsmouth was armed with twenty-two guns, fourteen swivels, and had a crew of 110 men; while Swallow was armed with four howitzers mounted as swivels, four swivels and had a crew of ten men.92
As it happened, Le Ray de Chaumont, Franklin’s benefactor at Passy, happened to be in Bordeaux. He interviewed Hawkins on the evening of 14 November and forwarded a brief report to Gabriel de Sartine.93 Fore-warned was probably not fore-armed in this case. On 20 November Lord Stormont demanded the return of the brig from Comte de Vergennes. Vergennes told Stormont that Sartine would investigate to confirm the report furnished by Stormont and to order the prize seized.94 Meanwhile, this last incident provoked the American Commissioners in France, on the 21st, to issue a circular letter to all the ports warning about violations of neutral rights.95 The same day they asked the Delaps to investigate the capture of the Emperor of Germany by obtaining a statement from the pilot.96
The next day (22 November) Chaumont informed Sartine that the American Commissioners in France had sent to Bordeaux to obtain a statement from the pilot. If that confirmed the English version of events they wanted to know what satisfaction Sartine required, and that they would detain the captain of the privateer and request Sartine arrest him if he showed up again in a French port. As a partial defense they were prepared to offer proof that the English had made prizes this year in the same channel of an American ship with a pilot aboard.97
On 23 November Sartine informed Vergennes he had made some inquiries. He had received a letter dated the 12th from de Montbas. That officer assured Sartine that the capture was made in the night of 10-11 November, out of sight of the lighthouse and at sea.98 That report closed the case for Sartine.
By 29 November Sartine had heard that the Portsmouth was going to L’Orient to join the American vessels there. Sartine ordered Charles Pierre Gonet, the Commissary of Marine there, to closely inspect all fitting out there, to control all artillery aboard ships and to limit the sailors taken aboard. He was to look out for the Portsmouth.99 Sartine, having disposed of her in advance of the usual protest, wanted her well gone.
A report from 4 December 1777, mentions that the Portsmouth was armed with twenty-six 9-pounders and had a crew of 150 men.100
Three of the crew of the Emperor of Germany experienced a strange revenge. At Bordeaux, unemployed, they entered into the crew of the [possibly] Pennsylvania Privateer Brigantine Hetty (Commander Joseph Ashbourn), a ten gun vessel out of Philadelphia. She was loading with tea, bale goods and cordage, and was to proceed to St. Martin’s to take in salt, and was then to sail for Philadelphia. Hetty sailed soon after. At sea the three British crewmen conspired with four others shipped at Bordeaux, and rose and took the brigantine on the night of 25 November. Ashbourn and three men were tied up, dumped into the ship’s boat, and sent ashore. The rest of the crew assisted the mutineers in bringing in the prize to Dungarvin, Ireland on 1 December 1777. The ship and cargo were estimated to be worth £7000.101
Meanwhile, perhaps unaware of the diplomatic storm ashore, Portsmouth continued on her cruise and made another prize. On 13 November she captured the 100-ton102 brigantine (or brig) George103 (B. Hayward),104 bound from Newfoundland to Bilboa105 with a cargo of fish,106 at 27°40'N, 16°W (or 37°49'N, 16°W). An officer named Pearce was sent aboard as her prize master and she was ordered into the Piscataqua River (Portsmouth). Hart took the occasion to report to Langdon. He now planned to cruise between Madeira and the West Indies, for the Portsmouth was not in a condition to sail on the coast of France, and, since the ports of France were closed to prizes, it was too far to send them to America. The George parted on 18 November, but was however, recaptured on the coast of Nova Scotia, at 43°30' by HM Schooner Tender Arbuthnot (Lieutenant Edward Dalton) on 18 December 1777. Arbuthnot was a tender of HM Frigate Rainbow (Captain Sir George Collier).107 She arrived in Halifax on 20 December. The British reported Portsmouth as a twenty-four gun ship at this time.108
About this time Portsmouth met a convoy bound from Newfoundland escorted by HM Frigate Squirrel (Captain Henry Harvey). A three hour fight followed before the Portsmouth got clear of the frigate, with the loss of seven men. She immediately returned to Bilboa. Hart reported to his owners from there on 25 November.109
After replenishing, Hart and the Portsmouth sailed for home. En route she met the 305-ton110 British Privateer Ship New Duckinfield (W. Foster). New Duckinfield (or Duckenfield),111 had a crew of forty men and mounted twenty guns,112 two 9-pounders, ten 6-pounders, six 4-pounders, and two 2-pounders.113 She was bound from London, England to New York, New York, with a cargo of woolen clothing,114 dry goods and wine,115 valued at £8000.116 New Duckinfield was owned by Nesbitt & Co. and was fairly new, having been built in 1771.117 Foster chose not to fight and New Duckinfield was captured.118 She was later said to be a very rich three decked ship.119
Hart “very generously” allowed the first and second mates and six sailors to take the prize ship’s longboat, with sufficient provisions, and proceed for Antigua in the British West Indies. They arrived there six days later.120 New Duckinfield stayed with the Portsmouth until 11 January.121 She had arrived in port by 29 January.122
The 140-ton123 brig Swan124 (J. Chambers), with a cargo of beef, butter, and fish, bound from Bristol, England to Jamaica, British West Indies,125 was also captured.126 Swan was owned by Miles & Co. and had been built in New England in 1765. Although armed with four 4-pounders and four 3-pounders, Chambers also chose not to fight.127 Swan arrived at a “safe port” by 19 January.128
Portsmouth returned to Portsmouth on 13 January 1778.129
Portsmouth now came under the command of Thomas Roche [Roach]. She sailed from Portsmouth about 6 May 1778, on a cruise.130 Langdon had given Roche orders to cruise between 26°N and 36°N, off the Madeira Islands, in order to intercept the homeward bound West India trade.131
Portsmouth was captured by HMS Experiment (Captain Sir James Wallace) four days later, on the “7th instant” [May] on St. George’s Bank.132 A more accurate account says she was captured on 11 May.133 According to one account, she was owned in Boston,134 and arrived at New York on the morning of 28 May.135 She was said to have a crew of 150136 or 156 men and to mount twenty-two guns,137 6-pounders and 4-pounders.138 A more accurate account indicates her owner was John Langdon of New Hampshire.139 Howe’s prize list of 28 September 1778, states that Portsmouth was owned by “Scar & Co.,” and was captured on 10 May 1778.140 She was tried in the Vice Admiralty court and condemned in 1778.141
1 NDAR, “John Langdon to Archibald Mercer, Boston Merchant,” VII, 194-195 and 195 note
2 NDAR, “John Langdon to William Whipple,” VII, 271-272
3 NDAR, “John Langdon to Archibald Mercer, Boston Merchant,” VII, 194-195 and 195 note
4 NRAR, 420
5 NDAR, “William Gardner to Archibald Mercer, Boston Merchant,” VII, 589-590 and 590 note
6 NDAR, “Colonel Pierse Long to the New Hampshire House of Representatives,” VII, 603
7 NDAR, “Journal of the New Hampshire Council,” VII, 919
8 NDAR, “Captain Thomas Thompson to the New Hampshire Committee of Safety,” VII, 1114-1115 and 1115 note
9 NDAR, “John Langdon to William Whipple,” VII, 1226
10 NDAR, “Acts and Resolves of the Massachusetts General Court,” VIII, 434-436; “A List of the Ships &c.: at Portsmouth in New-Hampshire May the 22nd. 1777,” VIII, 1016-1017
11 Parsons, Langdon B., History of the Town of Rye New Hampshire from its Discovery and Settlement to December 31, 1903, Concord, NH: Rumford Printing Company, 1905, 271
12 Parsons, History of the Town of Rye, 271
13 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 3, 1777
14 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, Saturday, April 26, 1777,” VIII, 434
15 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 3, 1777
16 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, Saturday, April 26, 1777,” VIII, 434
17 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 3, 1777
18 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 31, 1777
19 NDAR, “Joshua Brackett to William Whipple,” VIII, 396-397; Parsons, History of the Town of Rye, 271
20 Parsons, History of the Town of Rye, 271
21 NDAR, “Joshua Brackett to William Whipple,” VIII, 396-397
22 Parsons, History of the Town of Rye, 271. The keeper of a short journal of the cruise was in the prize crew of this brig.
23 NDAR, “Joshua Brackett to William Whipple,” VIII, 396-397
24 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, April 26, 1777
25 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, Saturday, April 26, 1777,” VIII, 434
26 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, April 26, 1777
27 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 3, 1777
28 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 31, 1777
29 NDAR, “Independent Chronicle, Thursday, April 24, 1777,” VIII, 418-419 and 419 note
30 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, April 26, 1777
31 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, Saturday, April 26, 1777,” VIII, 434
32 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, April 26, 1777
33 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 3, 1777
34 The Freeman’s Journal [Portsmouth], Saturday, May 31, 1777
35 NDAR, “Acts and Resolves of the Massachusetts General Court,” VIII, 434-436; “A List of the Ships &c.: at Portsmouth in New-Hampshire May the 22nd. 1777,” VIII, 1016-1017
36 NDAR, “Acts and Resolves of the Massachusetts General Court,” VIII, 434-436
37 NDAR, “A List of the Ships &c.: at Portsmouth in New-Hampshire May the 22nd. 1777,” VIII, 1016-1017
38 NRAR, 420
39 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
40 NDAR, “Deposition of Edward Symonds,” X, 983-984 and 984 note; “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
41 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
42 NDAR, “Deposition of Edward Symonds,” X, 983-984 and 984 note; “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
43 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note; “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
44 NDAR, “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
45 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note; “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
46 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 853-854; “Gabriel de Sartine to Enseigne de Vaisseau le Marquis de Montbas,” X, 945-946
47 NDAR, “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
48 NDAR, “Gabriel de Sartine to Enseigne de Vaisseau le Marquis de Montbas,” X, 945-946
49 NDAR, “William McCreery to John Adams,” X, 942-945; “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
50 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 853-854
51 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 853-854
52 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 878 and note
53 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 888 and 889 note
54 NDAR, “William McCreery to John Adams,” X, 942-945
55 NDAR, “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
56 NDAR, “Deposition of Edward Symonds,” X, 983-984 and 984 note
57 NDAR, “Journal of the French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 898-899 and 899 note
58 NDAR, “William McCreery to John Adams,” X, 942-945
59 NDAR, “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
60 NDAR, “William McCreery to John Adams,” X, 942-945
61 NDAR, “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
62 NDAR, “Gabriel de Sartine to Enseigne de Vaisseau le Marquis de Montbas,” X, 945-946
63 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 975-976; “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 982 and note
64 NDAR, “William McCreery to the American Commissioners in France,” X, 990-991
65 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 975-976
66 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997
67 NDAR, “Journal of French Navy Corvette Etourdie, Marquis de Montbas, Enseigne de Vaisseau,” X, 982 and note
68 NDAR, “Deposition of John Pearce, Late Master of the Brig Mercury,” X, 1057
69 NDAR, “William McCreery to the American Commissioners in France,” X, 990-991
70 NDAR, “William McCreery to the American Commissioners in France,” X, 990-991
71 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
72 NDAR, “William McCreery to the American Commissioners in France,” X, 990-991
73 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
74 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
75 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
76 NDAR, “William McCreery to the American Commissioners in France,” X, 990-991
77 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997
78 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
79 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997
80 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
81 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997
82 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997; “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
83 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997
84 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
85 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997; “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
86 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note; “Extract of a Letter from Corke, Dec. 4,” X, 1066 and note
87 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
88 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from Corke, Dec. 4,” X, 1066 and note
89 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
90 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997; “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note; “Extract of a Letter from Corke, Dec. 4,” X, 1066 and note
91 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
92 NDAR, “William McCreery to the American Commissioners in France,” X, 990-991
93 NDAR, “Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 996-997
94 NDAR, “Lord Stormont to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1008-1009 and 1009 note
95 NDAR, “American Commissioners in France to Commanders of Armed American Vessels,” X, 1012-1013
96 NDAR, “American Commissioners in France to Samuel and Jean-Hans Delap,” X, 1013 and note
97 NDAR, “Le Ray de Chaumont to [Gabriel de Sartine?],” X, 1017
98 NDAR, “Gabriel de Sartine to Comte de Vergennes,” X, 1021-1022
99 NDAR, “Gabriel de Sartine to Charles Pierre Gonet, Commissary of Marine at L’Orient,” X, 1047
100 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from Corke, Dec. 4,” X, 1066 and note
101 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from Corke, Dec. 4,” X, 1066 and note
102 NDAR, “Prize List of Sir George Collier, R.N., from May to December 1777,” XI, 184-185
103 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note; “Prize List of Sir George Collier, R.N., from May to December 1777,” XI, 184-185
104 NDAR, “Prize List of Sir George Collier, R.N., from May to December 1777,” XI, 184-185
105 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note; “Prize List of Sir George Collier, R.N., from May to December 1777,” XI, 184-185
106 NDAR, “Prize List of Sir George Collier, R.N., from May to December 1777,” XI, 184-185
107 NDAR, “Prize List of Sir George Collier, R.N., from May to December 1777,” XI, 184-185
108 NDAR, “John Hart to John Langdon,” X, 1002 and 1003 note
109 NDAR, “News from Portsmouth, New Hampshire,” XI, 100 and note
110 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
111 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
112 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
113 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
114 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
115 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
116 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
117 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
118 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
119 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
120 NDAR, “The South-Carolina and American General Gazette, Thursday, February 10, 1778,” XI, 381 and note
121 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
122 NDAR, “News from Boston,” XI, 228-229 and 229 note
123 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
124 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
125 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
126 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
127 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes
128 NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159 and notes
129 NDAR, “The Freeman’s Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette, Tuesday, January 20, 1778,” XI, 164-165 and 165 notes; NDAR, “The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal, Monday, January 19, 1778,” XI, 159, indicates she arrived on 15 January.
130 The New-York Gazette; and The Weekly Mercury, Monday, June 1, 1778
131 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
132 The New-York Gazette; and The Weekly Mercury, Monday, June 1, 1778
133 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
134 The New-York Gazette; and The Weekly Mercury, Monday, June 1, 1778
135 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
136 The New-York Gazette; and The Weekly Mercury, Monday, June 1, 1778
137 The New-York Gazette; and The Weekly Mercury, Monday, June 1, 1778
138 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
139 The Royal Gazette [New York], Saturday, May 30, 1778
140 “List of Vessels seized, destroyed or retaken by the American Squadron between the 25th of October 1777, and the 28th of September 1778, according to the Returns received by the Vice Admiral the Viscount Howe, exclusive of those seized or destroyed by His Majesty’s Ships in Chesapeake Bay, and on the Parts of the Coast of North America to the Southward thereof, of which a Return was made on the 23rd of April 1778,” in The London Gazette, Saturday, November 21, to Tuesday, November 24, 1778. This is the same ship that was reported as captured by Experiment on 28 September 1777, armed with twenty guns, by Vice Admiral Gambier. See “List of Captures and Recaptures made by the American Squadron, of which Accounts have been received by Rear-Admiral Gambier, between the 23d of May 1778, and the 20th of December following,” in The London Gazette, Tuesday, February 2, to Saturday, February 6, 1779.
141 HCA 32/426/5/1-14
| Posted 7 February 2011 |
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