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Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Montgomery |
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| Montgomery | (1) Commander Daniel Bucklin |
| Armed Sloop | 13 May 1776-August 1776 |
| Rhode Island Privateer Sloop | (2) Commander William Rhodes
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| Commissioned/First Date: | 13 May 1776 |
| Out of Service/Cause: | 7 February 1778/captured by HMS Experiment |
| Owners: | (1) Richard Salter, William Wall, Elihu Robinson, Joseph Coke, D. Laurence, John Smith, Joseph Bucklin, Nicholas Power, Paul Allen, Nathaniel Greene, William Rhodes, John Mathewson, Lewis Peck; (2) John Southwick |
| Tonnage: | 30, 60 |
| Battery: | Date Reported: 13 May 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 10/4-pounder and 2-pounder [30] pounds [15] pounds Total: 10 cannon/[30] pounds Broadside: 5 cannon/[15] pounds Swivels: ten Date Reported: 8 August 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 10/4-pounder and 2-pounder [30] pounds [15] pounds Total: 10 cannon/[30] pounds Broadside: 5 cannon/[15] pounds Swivels: ten Date Reported: 30 September 1776 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 10/4-pounder and 2-pounder [30] pounds [15] pounds Total: 10 cannon/[30] pounds Broadside: 5 cannon/[15] pounds Swivels: ten |
| Crew: | (1) 13 May 1776: 50 [total]
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| Description: |
| Officers: | (1) First Lieutenant John Field, 13 May 1776-August 1776; (2) Second Lieutenant Thomas G. Scranton, 13 May 1776-August 1776; (3) Master Thomas Ruttenber, 13 May 1776-30 September 1776; (4) First Lieutenant Samuel Warner, 8 August 1776-; (5) Second Lieutenant Joseph Bucklin, Jr., 8 August 1776- |
| Cruises: | (1) Providence, Rhode Island to sea and return, [15 May] 1776-28 July 1776
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| Prizes: | (1) Brig Fanny (Richard Blyth), 28 May 1776, with Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge
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| Actions: |
Comments:
Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Montgomery was commissioned on 13 May 1776 under Commander Daniel Bucklin of Providence, Rhode Island.1 She was a 302 or 60-ton sloop armed with ten 4-pounders and 2-pounders and ten swivel guns, and reported a crew of fifty men. Officers aboard were First Lieutenant John Field, Second Lieutenant Thomas G. Scranton, and Master Thomas Ruttenber.3 Her owner was listed as John Southwick,4 but Richard Salter, William Wall, Elihu Robinson, Joseph Coke, D. Laurence, John Smith, Joseph Bucklin, Nicholas Power, Paul Allen, Nathaniel Greene, William Rhodes, John Mathewson, and Lewis Peck signed the petition for Montgomery’s commission. Her $5000 Continental bond was executed the same day.5
Bucklin sailed soon after, cruising part of the time with Massachusetts Privateer Sloop Revenge (Commander Joseph White). These two had the good fortune to encounter a West Indian convoy some 450 miles after it had sailed (which means, that the escort had previously turned back),6 to the south and east of Bermuda.
The first prize captured,7 on 28 May 1776,8 was the 75-ton9 brig10 or brigantine11 Fanny (Richard Blythe)12 (or Henry),13 from Antigua14 or Barbados to Halifax,15 with a cargo of rum16 and sugar.17 She safely arrived at Plymouth on 8 June18 and was libeled on 20 June 1776.19 She was tried on 5 July 1776.20
On 13 June 177621 Montgomery and Revenge captured the 70-ton brigantine Rover (John Hunter), with her crew of seven men,22 which was formerly a Providence owned vessel (the Betsey).23 Betsey had been captured by HM Frigate Argo and condemned at Antigua. She was now bound from Antigua24 to Dublin, Ireland25 with a cargo of rum26 and staves.27 Rover got into Dartmouth, Massachusetts,28 at some time before 2 July 1776,29 and then proceeded to Providence.30 The prize master reported that Revenge was chasing two other sail when he departed.31 At Providence, Rover was libeled on 3 July32 tried on 22 July, and eventually sold for over £4960,33 on 31 July.34
The brig Isabella (Kirk), from Antigua to Dublin with rum, was also captured on 13 June.35 This vessel was probably the sloop Isabella (Nathaniel Kirk), sent into Beverly on 4 July 1776. She was 70 tons, and was libeled on 15 August 1776, with trial set for 5 September 1776.36
On 1 July 1776 the brig Devonshire (Fisher) was taken. She was bound from Antigua to Dublin with rum.37 Devonshire was trying to get into port on 3 August 1776. She was about eighty-five miles south east of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, when she was sighted by HM Frigate Liverpool (Captain Henry Bellew) and quickly captured. A prize crew of a petty officer and four men replaced the “Rebels.” She arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 10 August 1776, with the Liverpool.38
The 13039 or 180-ton40 brig,41 brigantine42 or snow43 Harlequin (John Goodwin),44 Nevis45 or Antigua46 to Dublin47 or London with rum and sugar,48 was captured on 2 July 1776.49 Montgomery escorted Harlequin into Providence on 28 July 1776, running up the Sakonnet Passage.50 She was libeled on 3 August 1776, with trial set for 19 August.51 She was advertised for sale on 28 August 1776.52
The 170 ton53 ship Polly (Tobias Lear), from Antigua with rum and sugar, was next.54 She was captured on 2 July at 34o55'N, 53o36'W.55 Lear was a native of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Before 29 August the Polly was brought around to Boston and libeled.56 Now Lear owned his ship and had taken out a registry showing her as owned by the English firm of Lane & Co., as a protection from British seizure. This Lear was not some obscure operator: his son later became Washington's secretary and he was an acquaintance of Continental Agent John Langdon. On 5 August 1776 Langdon asked the New Hampshire delegates to Congress to investigate Lear's situation. Langdon knew the cargo would be condemned but he hoped to save Lear's ship.57 Polly was libeled on 29 August 1776, on behalf tof the Revenge only.58 Trial was held on 16 September 1776.59 The ship was condemned in a stormy trial, Lear not even being allowed his private adventure.60
On 5 July 177661 the Revenge captured the ship Anna Maria,62 (William Pringle)63 from Barbados to London,64 with sugar, wine,65 rum,66 cotton67 and twenty-seven cannon in her hold. She was sent into Sheepscut, Maine68 (Falmouth)69 and then into Salem on 18 July.70 By 29 August the Anna Maria was brought to Boston from Townsend and libeled, on behalf on the Revenge only.71 Pringle petitioned for his release on 26 August 1776.72 Some of the British sailors from the Anna Maria later enlisted in American privateers.73
A seventh prize was released as a cartel with the prisoners aboard.74 This was the Frances (Williamson), a slaver in ballast. She arrived at Dover before 27 July 1776.75 Following this capture it seems the two privateers parted company.
The ship Eagle, 280 tons (Henry Barnes), was captured on 12 July 1776 at 32°15'N, 52°W.76 Eagle was bound from Barbados, in the British West Indies, to Lancaster, England,77 with a cargo of sugar, rum, ginger, wool, wine, and oil.78 She was sent into Dartmouth.79 The Eagle put into Dartmouth before 10 August 1776, and another prize taken in conjunction with the Revenge had arrived at Falmouth, Massachusetts [Maine] by then.80 Eagle moved up to Providence, where she was libeled, by Montgomery alone, on 12 August 1776, being listed as 200 tons. Her trial was set for 26 August.81 Eagle’s mate, Richard Gosling, was cleared for exchange on 12 November 1776.82 Eagle was sold on 5 September 1776.83
On 28 July Bucklin returned to Providence, going up the east passage and escorting the Harlequin into port. The papers reported that Montgomery, and another privateer, had captured five other prizes (three ships, one snow, one brig) and that the other privateer was bringing two of them into a New England port.84 The other privateer was, of course, the Revenge.85
While Bucklin had libeled the Harlequin in the name of both privateers, this was not the case with White. Greed seems to have gotten the better of the Massachusetts skipper, who libeled all prizes in his own name. This was particularly the case with the Anna Maria. When Bucklin learned of the case he filed a claim with the Massachusetts Maritime court, claiming that the Montgomery and Revenge were operating together at the time of her capture. The Massachusetts court found in favor of the Revenge alone. Bucklin then appealed the case to the superior Massachusetts court, which upheld the verdict. When Bucklin asked for permission to appeal to the Congressional Committee of Appeals he was denied permission. Bucklin petitioned Congress and, on 24 June 1777, his petition was read and referred to the Committee on Appeals.86
On 4 August 1777 the Committee on Appeals reported to Congress, whereupon Congress “Resolved, That Joseph White, commander of the privateer Revenge, appear before the committee of appeals within 40 days after a copy of the petition of Daniel Bucklin, and of this resolve, is served on the said Joseph White, the agent or one of the owners of the said privateer, to shew cause why the prayer of the said petition should not be granted.”87
More than a year later, on 17 October 1778, the Committee on Appeals, rendered this report to Congress:
“That the ship, Anna Maria was captured by the privateer, Revenge, Joseph White, Commander, and libeled in the Admiralty Court, in the State of Massachusetts Bay; That Daniel Bucklin, Commander of the private schooner of War, called the Montgomery put in a Claim to the said ship Anna Maria on behalf of himself and all others concerned in the armed schooner, Montgomery, setting forth that at the Time of the Capture, the aforesaid privateers, Montgomery and Revenge, were in consort and jointly concerned in making the same; yet it was so determined in the said Court that final Sentence of Condemnation passed therein against the said prize ship, for the sole use of the Owners and others concerned in the said privateer, Revenge: From which Sentence the said Daniel Bucklin, appealed according to the Laws and usage of the State of Massachusetts Bay, to the Superior Court of Judicature, within the same State, by whose determination, the Sentence of the Court below was confirmed; From which Decree of Affirmance, the said Daniel Bucklin prayed an Appeal in open Court to Congress which was refused by the Justices of the said Court.
The Court of Appeals beg leave further to report that by the laws of the State of Massachusetts Bays from all Judgments or Sentences given in the Court of Admiralty on the Capture of any vessel by an armed vessel of the United States, an appeal is allowed to the Continental Congress. But where the Capture is made by any other armed Vessel than those in the Service of the United States, an appeal is allowed only to the Superior Court within the State. In this case the privateer Revenge which took the prize ship Anna Maria was fitted out by certain Individuals in the State of Massachusetts Bay, and therefore the Judges holding themselves bound by the Laws of the said State, refused an Appeal.
This Law your Court of Appeals, conceive has a very dangerous tendency to interrupt the peace, Safety and Union of the United States and is in direct violation of the resolve of Congress which grants an appeal in all Cases. It is necessary that a speedy Decision should be given upon the validity of this Law, so far as it contravenes the resolve of Congress, and that it may go with the more weight to the States the Court have referred the Matter to Congress.”88
And there the matter rested. Bucklin, his owners, and his crew, it seems, never got their share of the Anna Maria.
A second commission was given to Montgomery on 8 August 1776. The new commander was William Rhodes. Montgomery retained her battery, but was listed with a crew of sixty men. The two lieutenants having departed, Samuel Warner came aboard as First Lieutenant and Joseph Bucklin, Jr. as Second Lieutenant. On this occasion a recruiting song was written for the sloop.89
Montgomery sailed soon after, and met the Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Yankee Ranger (Commander John Warner) at sea. The two privateers cruised together for a time. The pair captured the 140-ton brig90 or brigantine Bee (Thomas Davis) on 21 August.91 Bee had a cargo of coffee, cocoa, sugar, whale oil, and cotton, and was bound from Dominica to Lancaster, England. Bee was sent into Providence.92 She was libeled on 13 September 1776 and tried on 1 October 1776.93 On 15 November 1776, Davis was given permission to depart for England, with many other captured British prisoners. The Bee’s mate and two apprentices were also allowed to depart.94
About the same time the two privateers captured the 150-ton brigantine John95 (John Ahier),96 bound from St. Croix, Danish West Indies, to Dunkerque, France,97 or to Guernsey, in the Channel Isles.98 She also carried a cargo of cotton, coffee, and oil.99 John was sent into Providence and arrived safely. She was libeled on 13 September 1776 and tried on 7 October 1776.100 15 November 1776, Ahier was given permission to depart for England, along with his two mates.101
Another prize captured by the two privateers was the 130-ton brig Sally102 (Jacob Snowball), bound from Antigua, British West Indies to London, England,103 with sugar, whalebone, and oil.104 She was sent into Providence, libeled on 11 September 1776, and tried on 1 October 1776.105 Snowball and his mate were among those given permission to depart for England on 15 November 1776.106
Another prize, apparently taken by Montgomery alone, was 210-ton ship Betsey107 (James Ramsey), bound from Barbados, British West Indies to Glasgow, Scotland.108 Betsey was sent into Providence, and was supposed to have arrived on 16 September 1776,109 but the court records show she was libeled on 13 September 1776 and tried on 7 October 1776.110 On 15 November 1776, Ramsay was among those given permission to depart for England, along with his mate, an apprentice, and a “Negroe Boy.”111
The 140-ton brigantine Triton (Thomas Martindale)112 was captured about the same time. Triton was sent into Providence, arriving on 16 September 1776.113 The court records indicate that she was libeled on 13 September 1776 and tried on 7 October 1776.114 Triton had been bound from Barbados in the British West Indies to Whitehaven, England when captured. The Triton was purchased by several British prisoners and fitted out as a cartel to carry prisoners to England. Among those who received permission from the Rhode Island government to leave, on 15 November 1776, were Martindale, his two mates and four apprentices, all of the Triton.115
A third commission was obtained on 30 September 1776 for Commander Thomas Ruttenber, the former master of the Montgomery. The battery was unchanged, but crew and officers are not stated.116 Montgomery sailed on 9 October 1776, accompanied by Rhode Island Privateer Schooner Eagle (Commander Isaac Field). Within twenty-four hours the two privateers made their first prize.117
On 10 October 1776 the two privateers fell in with and captured the 90-ton schooner118 Property119 (William Freeman),120 bound from Môle Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Domingue121 to Liverpool, Nova Scotia,122 with a cargo of molasses, sugar, coffee, wool, flour and cotton.123 Property was sent off to Providence. En route she was stopped on 14 October, at 40°N, 68°16'W by Massachusetts Navy Sloop Republic (Captain John Foster Williams). After learning she had been captured Williams released the Property.124 She got into Providence, where she was libeled on 31 October125 and tried and condemned on 18 November 1776.126 On 16 November Property was advertised for sale, with the sale to be held on 19 November. Property was described as “well-built” and a “good Sailer.” Her cargo was to be sold at the same time.127
On 13 October Montgomery took the 125-ton schooner Endeavour (Michael Dyer),128 bound from Bermuda to Halifax with salt, rum, molasses and sugar.129 She was sent into Rhode Island, where she was libeled on 12 November and tried on 30 November 1776. She was ordered sold after 5 December.130
On 29 October Montgomery captured the 65-ton schooner Frank (Sylvanus Waterman),131 with a cargo of fish and oil, and bound to Jamaica, British West Indies from Ferryland, Newfoundland. Frank got into port safely and was libeled on 7 December 1776, with her trial set for 16 December.132
The trial of the Frank proved to be difficult. The story of the Frank shows many of the problems faced by American ship-owners in the early revolution. Frank was owned by Richard Alsop of Middletown, Connecticut. In March 1775 he appointed Sylvanus Waterman as master of the schooner Dolphin, bound from New London, Connecticut to Montego Bay, Jamaica. Waterman’s orders were to sail to Montego Bay, sell his cargo and take on a cargo of West Indies produce, and then return to New London. Waterman sailed on 31 March and got to Montego Bay on 27 April 1775. While there he received news of the outbreak of the rebellion. To save the schooner from British cruisers, and without orders from his owner, Waterman made a fake sale of the schooner to one Francis Mariez. Dolphin was re-registered as the Frank, cleared out for Newfoundland, and sailed on 3 August 1775. As Waterman approached New London, within some twenty miles of the port, he was sighted and chased by a British cruiser. He got away in the foggy night, but the wind changed and he decided to bear away for Newfoundland. He arrived there on 4 October 1775. Waterman sold his cargo and cleared out for Jamaica, but intended to go to M*le Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Domingue, and from there back to New London. As he approached the French port, Frank was chased by two British frigates, and bore away for Jamaica. Waterman loaded again, clearing out for Newfoundland, but now having to give bonds for the delivery of his cargo there. Again he went to Newfoundland, “to save his Bondsman,” and took on a cargo of fish and oil. He cleared for Jamaica, but again intended for M*le Saint-Nicolas, and then to New London. On 29 October 1776 he fell in with the Montgomery and was captured. Waterman made deposition to these statements on 11 December, stating that he had constantly tried to return home to New London.133
Frank’s trial began on 16 December but was promptly adjourned to 31 December. After hearing the evidence on both sides the jury acquitted and released the Frank. The captors immediately asked for an appeal which was granted. A second trial, on 27 January 1777, condemned the Frank.134
Montgomery sailed again about January 1777. In mid-March 1777, in company with Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Rover (Commander John Horne), she put into Galway Bay, Ireland. The two commanders and part of their crews went ashore to procure provisions and water, for which they paid in United States dollars. The crews, dressed in blue uniforms with cockades, and each carrying a pistol, secured the area. The sailors told the locals they had been out ten weeks from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and had taken four prizes together. The commanders loaded their supplies and sailed within twenty-four hours. The skippers reportedly behaved with “the greatest Politeness.” The report indicated each sloop was armed with fourteen guns and fourteen swivels.135
Following her last cruise, Montgomery was de-commissioned as a privateer. Her guns were removed and her crew was reduced to ten men. A civilian master, Phineas [Felix] Potter, took charge of her. She sailed from Providence on 18 November 1777 bound for Saint-Domingue, in the French West Indies, with a cargo of lumber, fish and provisions. She made port at Cap François, and took on a cargo of molasses, coffee, and other produce of the West Indies.136
Montgomery sailed for Boston, Massachusetts137 in late January 1778. On 7 February 1778, at 39°N, 72°W,138 about 207 miles SE of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, Montgomery was sighted by HMS Experiment (Captain Sir James Wallace). The morning was windy with rain squalls. At 1000 Montgomery was seen to the southwest and the chase was on. At 1100 five shots from Experiment stopped the Montgomery. Two petty officers and four men went aboard as a prize crew.139 She was sent into New York, New York, where she arrived on 20 February.140 Montgomery was libeled on 27 February, and condemned in the Vice-Admiralty court on 20 March 1778.141
1 NDAR, “Request by Owners for a Commission for the Rhode Island Sloop Montgomery,” V, 76 and note
2 NDAR, “The New-York Gazette: and the Weekly Mercury, Monday, February 23, 1778,” XI, 409 and notes.
3 NDAR, “Request by Owners for a Commission for the Rhode Island Sloop Montgomery,” V, 76 and note
4 Sheffield, An Address Delivered by William P. Sheffield before the Rhode Island Historical Society, 60. Sheffield gives her commission date as 15 May.
5 NDAR, “Request by Owners for a Commission for the Rhode Island Sloop Montgomery,” V, 76 and note
6 NDAR, “Public Advertiser, Monday, July 29, 1776,” VI, 512 and note
7 NDAR, "The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776," VI, 27
8 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
9 NDAR, “Boston Gazette, Monday, June 24, 1776,” V, 705 and 706 note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
10 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
11 NDAR, “Boston Gazette, Monday, June 24, 1776,” V, 705 and 706 note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637
12 NDAR, “Boston Gazette, Monday, June 24, 1776,” V, 705 and 706 note; “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637; “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note: called the Henry in this account; “Parole of Duncan Munro, Passenger On Board the British Prize Brigantine Fanny,” VII, 488 and note; See also Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210. NDAR, “Return of British Naval Prisoners in Salem,” VII, 560-561, gives the name of the master of the Fanny as Henry Seaton.
13 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
14 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
15 NDAR, “Cotton Tufts to John Adams,” V, 580-582 and 582 note; “David Cobb to Robert Treat Paine,” V, 576-577; “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note; “Parole of Duncan Munro, Passenger On Board the British Prize Brigantine Fanny,” VII, 488 and note; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
16 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “Cotton Tufts to John Adams,” V, 580-582 and 582 note; “David Cobb to Robert Treat Paine,” V, 576-577; Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
17 Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
18 NDAR, “Cotton Tufts to Jogn Adams,” V, 580-582 and 582 note
19 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note; “New-England Chronicle, Thursday, June 20, 1776,” V, 637
20 Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
21 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
22 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
23 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Liverpool, Captain Henry Bellew,” VI, 27 and note
24 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, June 29, 1776,” V, 813 and note
25 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
26 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, June 29, 1776,” V, 813 and note
27 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
28 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, June 29, 1776,” V, 813 and note; “Interrogation of James Watson, A Seaman on Board the Prize Brigantine Rover,” V, 813-814 and 814 note
29 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note. She is said here to have arrived at Beverly, Massachusetts.
30 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
31 NDAR, “American Gazette, Tuesday, July 2, 1776,” V, 870 and note
32 NDAR, “Libel Against the Brigantine Rover,” V, 889-890 and 890 note
33 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
34 The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, July 27, 1776
35 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
36 NDAR, “Advertisement of Libels against Six British Prizes,” VI, 192 and note
37 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
38 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Liverpool, Captain Henry Bellew,” VI, 27 and note
39 NDAR, “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
40 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note
41 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
42 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
43 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note
44 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note
45 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note; “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
46 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
47 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
48 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note; “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
49 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
50 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 30-31 and 31 note; “Newport Mercury, Monday, July 29, 1776,” V, 1270-1271 and 1271 note
51 NDAR, “Libel of Captains Daniel Bucklin and Joseph White Against the Prize Brigantine Harlequin,” VI, 29-30
52 NDAR, “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
53 NDAR, “Libels Filed in Massachusetts Admiralty Court Against Various British Prizes,” VI, 347-348
54 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
55 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
56 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
57 NDAR, “John Langdon to Josiah Bartlett,” VI, 56 and note
58 NDAR, “Libels Filed in Massachusetts Admiralty Court Against Various British Prizes,” VI, 347-348
59 NDAR, “William Whipple to Josiah Bartlett,” VI, 831 and note
60 NDAR, “John Langdon to Josiah Bartlett,” VI, 1031 and note
61 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
62 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27; “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
63 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27; “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
64 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
65 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
66 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note
67 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
68 NDAR, “Richard Cranch to John Adams,” V, 1177-1178 and 1178 note
69 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
70 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
71 NDAR, “Libels Filed in Massachusetts Admiralty Court Against Various British Prizes,” VI, 347-348; “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27 and note
72 NDAR, “Petition of William Pringle,” VI, 303
73 NDAR, “Public Advertiser, Saturday, October 26, 1776,” VII, 712-713
74 NDAR, “The Freeman's Journal, Saturday, August 3, 1776,” VI, 27
75 NDAR, “London Chronicle, Thursday, July 25 to Saturday, July 27, 1776,” VI, 506-508 and 508 note
76 NDAR, “Extract of A Letter from Capt. Henry Barnes, of the Eagle, belonging to Whitehaven, to his Owners, dated Rhode Island, Aug. 14, 1776,” VI, 182
77 NDAR, “Permission for Exchange of British Naval Prisoners of War,” VII, 113-114
78 The Newport Mercury, Friday, August 12, 1776
79 NDAR, “Extract of A Letter from Capt. Henry Barnes, of the Eagle, belonging to Whitehaven, to his Owners, dated Rhode Island, Aug. 14, 1776,” VI, 182
80 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, August 10, 1776,” VI, 136-138 and 138 note
81 The Newport Mercury, Friday, August 12, 1776
82 NDAR, “Permission for Exchange of British Naval Prisoners of War,” VII, 113-114
83 The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, August 31, 1776
84 NDAR, “Newport Mercury, Monday, July 29, 1776,” V, 1270-1271 and 1271 note; “A Journal of A Voig kept by Jabez Whipple Captn of the Armed Sloop the Independent Boun on a Cruse with Gods primishon this 24 Day of July 1776--,” V, 1301-1303 and 1303 note
85 NDAR, “Advertisement of Sale of Prize Brigantine Harlequin and Cargo,” VI, 241 and note
86 JCC, 8:493
87 JCC, 8:602-603
88 JCC, 12:1022-1023
89 NDAR, “Application for Letters of Marque and Reprisal for the Rhode Island Privateer Sloop Montgomery,” VI, 116-117 and 117 note
90 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
91 NDAR, “Libel in Rhode Island Maritime Court of the British Prize Brigantine Bee,” VI, 803-804 and 804 note
92 NDAR, “Libel in Rhode Island Maritime Court of the British Prize Brigantine Bee,” VI, 803-804; “Libels of Esek Hopkins and Captains Jabez Whipple, John Warner, and William Rhodes Against Various Prize Vessels,” VI, 820-821; “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
93 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
94 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
95 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
96 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners In Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
97 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
98 NDAR, “Public Advertiser, Monday, October 21, 1776,” VII, 706
99 Maclay, History of American Privateers, 71
100 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
101 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
102 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
103 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
104 NDAR, “Libels of Esek Hopkins and Captains Jabez Whipple, John Warner, and William Rhodes Against Various Prize Vessels,” VI, 820-821
105 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
106 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
107 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
108 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
109 NDAR, “Newport Mercury, Monday, September 23, 1776,” VI, 955-956 and 956 note
110 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
111 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners in Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
112 NDAR, “Libel in Rhode Island Maritime Court of the British Prize Brigantine Bee,” VI, 803-804 and 804 note
113 NDAR, “Newport Mercury, Monday, September 23, 1776,” VI, 955-956 and 956 note
114 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
115 NDAR, “Permission Granted to British Prisoners In Rhode Island to Depart for Great Britain,” VII, 165-168
116 NDAR, “Captain John Foster Williams to the Massachusetts Council,” VII, 31-32 and 32 note
117 The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, October 19, 1776
118 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
119 NDAR, “Captain John Foster Williams to the Nassachusetts Council,” VII, 31-32 and 32 note
120 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
121 NDAR, “Captain John Foster Williams to the Nassachusetts Council,” VII, 31-32 and 32 note
122 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
123 NDAR, “Captain John Foster Williams to the Nassachusetts Council,” VII, 31-32 and 32 note; The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, November 2, 1776
124 NDAR, “Captain John Foster Williams to the Nassachusetts Council,” VII, 31-32 and 32 note
125 NDAR, “List of All the Vessels Cargoes &c Brought into the Port of Providence and Libelled Tried and condemned in the Maritime Court AD 1776,” VII, 642-647
126 NDAR, “Captain John Foster Williams to the Massachusetts Council,” VII, 31-32 and 32 note
127 NDAR, “Providence Gazette, Saturday, November 16, 1776,” VII, 185
128 NDAR, “Libel of Thomas Ruttenber, Commander of the Rhode Island Privateer Montgomery, Against Prize Schooner Endeavour,” VII, 115-116
129 The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, November 30, 1776
130 Faibisy, A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels . . ., in NDAR, X, 1201-1210
131 NDAR, “Libel of Thomas Ruttenber, Commander of the Rhode Island Privateer Montgomery, Against the Prize Schooner Frank,” VI, 314-315
132 The Providence Gazette; And Country Journal, Saturday, 7 December 1776
133 NDAR, “Deposition of Sylvanus Waterman, Master of the Schooner Frank,” VII, 448-449
134 NDAR, “Trial and Acquittal in Rhode Island Admiralty Court of the Prize Schooner Frank,” VII, 639-641 and 641 note
135 NDAR, “Public Advertiser, Friday, March 28, 1777,” VIII, 722
136 NDAR, “The New-York Gazette: and the Weekly Mercury, Monday, February 23, 1778,” XI, 409 and notes.
137 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Experiment, Captain Sir James Wallace),” XI, 299 and note
138 NDAR, “The New-York Gazette: and the Weekly Mercury, Monday, February 23, 1778,” XI, 409 and notes.
139 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Experiment, Captain Sir James Wallace),” XI, 299 and note
140 NDAR, “The New-York Gazette: and the Weekly Mercury, Monday, February 23, 1778,” XI, 409 and notes.
141 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Experiment, Captain Sir James Wallace),” XI, 299 and note; HCA 32/404/3/1-7
| Posted 24 January 2011 |
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